Peripatoides suteri
| Peripatoides suteri | |
|---|---|
| |
| Peripatoides suteri found on Mount Taranaki, New Zealand | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Onychophora |
| Family: | Peripatopsidae |
| Genus: | Peripatoides |
| Species: | P. suteri
|
| Binomial name | |
| Peripatoides suteri (Dendy, 1894)
| |
Peripatoides suteri is a species of velvet worm in the family Peripatopsidae.[2] Like all other species in the genus Peripatoides, this species is ovoviviparous and endemic to New Zealand.[3][4][5] This species is notable for featuring 16 pairs of legs, unlike all other species of Peripatoides, which have only 15 leg pairs.[6] This species has more legs than any other species of velvet worm found in New Zealand.[7]
Discovery and taxonomy
[edit]This velvet worm was first described in 1894 by the English zoologist Arthur Dendy. He based the original description of this velvet worm on three specimens collected from Stratford on the North Island of New Zealand. He originally described this velvet worm under the name Peripatus novæ-zealandiæ var. suteri, as a variety of Peripatus novæ-zealandiæ with 16 leg pairs, unlike the usual variety with 15 leg pairs.[8] He did not designate any type material explicitly.[6] In 1900, he referred to this velvet worm as a separate species under the name Peripatus suteri.[9] In 1901, the French zoologist Eugène Louis Bouvier placed this species in the genus Peripatoides instead of the genus Peripatus.[10]
Distribution
[edit]This species was once thought to have a narrow distribution near the type locality in the Taranaki region on the west coast of the North Island of New Zealand.[5] Specimens assigned to this species, however, have since been found elsewhere on the North Island. Specimens have been found not only around Lake Rotokare and Dawson Falls in the Taranaki region but also as far east as Whakapapa Village and the Central Plateau and as far north as the Coromandel Peninsula and the Waitākere Ranges.[4][11][12] Some specimens have been collected as far as 276 km away from the type locality.[13]
Phylogeny
[edit]A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Peripatoides based on molecular data places all specimens of P. suteri collected from several sites throughout its range in a single clade distinct from all the other clades representing other species in a phylogenetic tree. This analysis also identifies the species P. indigo as the closest relative of P. suteri. The species P. indigo is found on the northwest corner of the South Island of New Zealand.[12]
Description
[edit]The species P. suteri ranges from 14 mm to 90 mm in length,[7] but the average specimen measures 33 mm in length.[6] The dorsal surface is dark blue densely covered with an irregular arrangement of orange brown papillae. The antennae are dark blue. The lateral and ventral surfaces of the legs as well as the ventral surface of the body are grey.[5] The genital opening is blue-grey.[6]
This species features 16 pairs of legs with three or four spinous pads and four (rarely three) distal papillae on each foot.[4][6] The nephridial tubercle on the fourth and fifth leg pairs is located on the third spinous pad.[5] This tubercle completely divides this pad on the fifth leg pair and partially (rarely completely) divides this pad on the fourth leg pair. Each antenna features 27 to 32 rings, counting from the first complete ring by the eye. The dorsal papillae behind the final pair of legs feature six to ten rows of scales, with six as the most common number, counting from the base to the apex of each papilla.[6]
This species shares many traits with other species in the genus Peripatoides, such as the location of the nephridial tubercle on the fourth and fifth leg pairs.[5] This species can be distinguished from all other species in this genus, however, based on the number of legs: Whereas P. suteri features 16 leg pairs, all other species in this genus have only 15 leg pairs. Furthermore, P. suteri usually features four distal foot papillae, whereas its closest relative P. indigo features five, and all other species in this genus usually feature only three.[6][4]
Conservation
[edit]This species is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b New, T.R. (1996). "Peripatoides suteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T16617A6186515. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T16617A6186515.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
- ^ Oliveira, I.; Hering, L. & Mayer, G. "Updated Onychophora checklist". Onychophora Website. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
- ^ Trewick, S. A. (2000). "Mitochondrial DNA sequences support allozyme evidence for cryptic radiation of New Zealand Peripatoides (Onychophora)". Molecular Ecology. 9 (3): 269–281 [270]. doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00873.x. ISSN 0962-1083. PMID 10736025. S2CID 8637591.
- ^ a b c d Tait, N.N.; Briscoe, D.A. (1995-05-01). "Genetic differentiation within New Zealand Onychophora and their relationships to the Australian fauna". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 114 (1): 103–113 [104–107]. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00115.x. ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ a b c d e Ruhberg, Hilke (1985). Die Peripatopsidae (Onychophora) : Systematik, Ökologie, Chorologie und phylogenetische Aspekte (in German). Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart. pp. 135, 141–142. ISBN 3-510-55023-4. OCLC 14872354.
- ^ a b c d e f g Trewick, Steven A.; Koot, Emily M.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2024). "Ngāokeoke Aotearoa: The Peripatoides Onychophora of New Zealand". Insects (journal). 15 (4): 248. doi:10.3390/insects15040248. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 11050097. PMID 38667378.
- ^ a b Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research. "Peripatus (Onchyphora)".
- ^ Dendy, A. (1894). "Additions to the cryptozoic fauna of New Zealand". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 6 (14): 393–401 [401] – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ Dendy, Arthur (1900). "A New Peripatus from New Zealand". Nature. 61 (1584): 444. doi:10.1038/061444a0. ISSN 1476-4687.
- ^ Bouvier, E.-L.; Bouvier, E.-L. (1901). "Caractères et affinités d'un Onychophore du Chili le Peripatopsis blainvillei Blanchard". Zoologischer Anzeiger (in French). 24: 59–61 [60].
- ^ Trewick, Steven A. (March 1998). "Sympatric cryptic species in New Zealand Onychophora". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 63 (3): 307–329 [309–311]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1998.tb01520.x.
- ^ a b Trewick, Steven A.; Koot, Emily M.; Morgan-Richards, Mary (2024). "Ngāokeoke Aotearoa: The Peripatoides Onychophora of New Zealand". Insects. 15 (4): 248 [12-14]. doi:10.3390/insects15040248. ISSN 2075-4450. PMC 11050097. PMID 38667378.
- ^ Oliveira, Ivo de Sena (2023-11-16). "An updated world checklist of velvet worms (Onychophora) with notes on nomenclature and status of names". ZooKeys. 1184: 133–260 [220]. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1184.107286. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 10680090. PMID 38023768.